A research project is a single, focussed activity with a single primary research objective. The project includes the entire research process of initial planning, conduct of research ( including field work if necessary), and evaluation (analysis and reporting). A research project involving field work may require several years to complete. Many EMAP research projects will not require field work: such projects include development of conceptual models for an indicator, development of a proposed national sampling design strategy, analysis of existing data for indicator development, and others.