Deutsch: Probenahme / Español: Muestreo / Português: Amostragem / Français: Échantillonnage / Italiano: Campionamento
Sampling stands for the selection of observations to acquire some knowledge of a statistical population or in medicine the gathering of matter from the body to aid in the process of a medical diagnosis and/or evaluation of an indication for treatment, further medical tests or other procedures.

In the environment context, 'sampling' typically refers to the collection and analysis of samples of air, water, soil, and other environmental media to evaluate their quality and identify potential contaminants or pollutants. Sampling is a crucial tool for environmental monitoring, as it allows scientists and regulators to assess the state of the environment and identify potential risks to human and ecosystem health. Here are some examples of how 'sampling' can be used in an environmental context:

1. Water Sampling: This involves collecting water samples from rivers, lakes, and other water bodies to measure various parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and contaminants like heavy metals or pathogens. Water sampling is used to monitor water quality and identify potential risks to human health, aquatic life, and ecosystem health.

2. Air Sampling: This involves collecting air samples to measure the levels of pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. Air sampling is used to monitor air quality and identify potential risks to human health and ecosystem health.

3. Soil Sampling: This involves collecting soil samples to measure parameters such as soil texture, pH, organic matter, and levels of contaminants like heavy metals or pesticides. Soil sampling is used to assess soil quality and identify potential risks to human health and ecosystem health.

4. Biodiversity Sampling: This involves collecting samples of plant and animal populations to assess the diversity and abundance of species in a particular area. Biodiversity sampling is used to monitor changes in ecosystem health and identify potential threats to species diversity and ecosystem services.

5. Sediment Sampling: This involves collecting samples of sediments from rivers, lakes, and other water bodies to measure the levels of pollutants such as heavy metals or organic contaminants. Sediment sampling is used to assess the impact of human activities on water quality and ecosystem health.

Overall, sampling is a critical tool for environmental monitoring and risk assessment, as it allows us to identify potential risks to human and ecosystem health and take appropriate measures to protect the environment.