In ecology, a heterotroph is an organism that relies on consuming other organisms or organic matter to obtain energy and nutrients for growth and survival. Heterotrophs are unable to produce their own food, unlike autotrophs, which can produce their own food through processes such as photosynthesis.

Examples of heterotrophs include animals, fungi, and many bacteria. These organisms play important roles in food chains and ecosystems by breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients. In addition, many heterotrophic organisms serve as prey for other organisms, helping to support higher trophic levels in the food chain.