Deutsch: Chloroform / Español: Cloroformo / Português: Clorofórmio / Français: Chloroforme / Italiano: Cloroformio

Chloroform in the environment context refers to a volatile organic compound (VOC) with the chemical formula CHCl₃. Historically used as an anesthetic and in various industrial applications, chloroform is now recognized for its environmental and health impacts. It can be released into the environment through industrial discharges, the chlorination of drinking water, and the breakdown of other chlorine-containing compounds. Once in the environment, chloroform poses risks to air and water quality and has been linked to adverse health effects in humans and wildlife.

Description

Chloroform is a colorless, sweet-smelling substance that can degrade air quality and contaminate water sources. In the environment, it primarily originates from human activities, though it can also occur naturally in small amounts. The production and use of chloroform have decreased significantly in many countries due to its classification as a probable human carcinogen and its contribution to ozone layer depletion. Nonetheless, its persistence in the environment and presence in chlorinated drinking water remain concerns.

Application Areas

Environmental concerns related to chloroform include:

• Water Quality Monitoring and Management: Assessing and controlling chloroform levels in drinking water supplies to minimize health risks.
• Industrial Regulation: Implementing measures to reduce chloroform emissions from industrial processes, including those involved in the production of chemicals and plastics.
• Environmental Health Research: Studying the impacts of chloroform exposure on human health and ecological systems to inform regulatory standards and protective measures.

Well-Known Examples

• Disinfection By-products (DBPs) in Drinking Water: Chloroform is one of the trihalomethanes (THMs) formed as a by-product when chlorine, used for disinfecting water, reacts with natural organic matter. Monitoring and managing these by-products are critical for water quality and public health.
• Superfund Sites: Locations contaminated with chloroform and other hazardous substances, identified and remediated under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in the United States, highlight the challenges of managing historical pollution.

Treatment and Risks

The primary environmental risk associated with chloroform is its potential to contaminate air and water, posing health risks to humans and ecosystems. Long-term exposure to chloroform can lead to liver and kidney damage and is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Mitigating these risks involves improving industrial processes to limit chloroform emissions, treating water to reduce DBP formation, and conducting ongoing monitoring and research to understand and manage its impacts.

Summary

In the environmental context, chloroform is a volatile organic compound of concern due to its presence as a pollutant in air and water and its associated health risks. Efforts to manage chloroform in the environment focus on reducing industrial emissions, minimizing its formation in drinking water through alternative disinfection methods, and remediating contaminated sites to protect public health and ecological integrity.

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