Deutsch: Deckung / Español: Cubierta / Português: Cobertura / Français: Couverture / Italiano: Copertura /

A Cover is Overhanging or instream structures (such as tree roots, undercut streambanks, or boulders) that offer protection from predators, shelter from strong currents, and/or shading.

In an environmental context, a "cover" refers to a layer of material that is used to protect or seal soil or other surfaces, typically to prevent or mitigate environmental contamination. Covers can be made from a variety of materials, including plastics, geosynthetics, and natural materials such as soil and vegetation.

Examples of covers used in environmental contexts include:

1. Landfill covers: Landfills require covers to prevent contaminants from leaching into the surrounding environment. Covers can be made from impermeable materials such as clay or synthetic liners, or from geosynthetics that allow water to drain but prevent contaminants from passing through.

2. Brownfield covers: Brownfields are contaminated sites that require remediation to reduce environmental risks. Covers can be used to seal contaminated soils and prevent further contamination of groundwater and other environmental resources.

3. Mine reclamation covers: Mines that have been abandoned or closed require reclamation to restore the site to its natural state. Covers can be used to stabilize mine waste and prevent erosion and contamination of nearby waterways.

4. Wetland restoration covers: Wetlands can be restored by using covers to create a "bathtub" effect that prevents water from flowing out of the site. This allows wetland vegetation to reestablish and provides habitat for wetland-dependent species.

Overall, covers are an important tool in environmental management and can be used to protect human health and the environment from contamination and degradation. However, covers must be designed and installed carefully to ensure that they are effective and do not cause unintended environmental impacts.